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STANDARD CIRCUIT SYMBOLS

At this stage it may be sensible to start usingthe usual symbols for circuits, so we need also to clarify a few terms.
 

                  cell   -  a single chemical unit , usually about 1.5 volts eg AA, C, D cells. The vertical lines represent the cathode and anode metals in a single acid cell.            
 
 
 

      battery -         combinations of cells, usually in a single casing

                      long stroke is positive, short is negative. eg 9V battery

                     (Nowadays, the terms "battery" and "cell" are used almost interchangeably.)
 
 
 

                     resistors
 
 

               voltmeter           always placed in parallel with device

                   ammeter           always placed in series to device
 
 

                   diode

              light emitting diode
 
 

          switch
 
 

            globe
 
 

There are plenty of others.
 

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